The endomembrane system creates key structural lipids like cholesterol and phospholipids, and the smooth ER is a portion of it. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a form of endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids and is made up of tubular vesicles that lack ribosomes on the outer surface. The buildup of misfolded collagen proteins in the RER causes diseases like spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. Protein misfolding in RER, on the other hand, could cause a variety of illnesses. Similarly, the rough ER contains a number of enzymes involved in RNA metabolism, which bind and alter RNA. Apoptosis can be triggered in a cell as a result of an increase in the number of unfolded proteins. Rough ER also plays an important function in quality control during protein folding, where the ratio of sheets to tubules changes as the amount of unfolded proteins in the cell grows. Rough ER is linked to the formation of lysosomes. 
Within the lumen, some proteins may change their three-dimensional conformation.
Newly generated proteins undergo minor changes in the RER lumen, such as signal sequence cleavage and glycosylation. Furthermore, ribosomes on the rough ER frequently detach and grow into separate cisternae. The presence of cytoskeletal components like as microtubules determines the structure of rough ER, and changes in microtubules cause changes in RER structure. Ribosomes are connected to the endoplasmic reticulum by a group of proteins known as ribophorins. The membrane also contains an important protein complex called translocon, which is required for RER translation. The cisternae, which are flattened sacs with sparse tubules, make up the rough ER. The protein generated in the ribosomes on RER is packaged into vesicles and transferred to the Golgi body, where it is frequently found near the Golgi apparatus. The RER membrane connects the nuclear membrane to the RER membrane in both plant and animal cells. The moniker ‘rough’ ER comes from the fact that ribosomes appear as studs on the surface of the ER under the microscope. 
Protein synthesis, folding, modification, and transport to other organelles within and beyond the cell are all handled by the organelle.The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a component of the cell’s endomembrane system, which is found in the cytoplasm.The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a form of endoplasmic reticulum that consists of flattened sacs studded on the outer surface with protein-synthesizing particles known as ribosomes. What is PhD : Meaning, How to Do, Benefits, Full Details.Important Differences between Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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